Ornamental plants pdf

Ratna Priyanka and P. Protected areas, sacred grooves etc. Plant collection and are some of the examples of in situ conservation identification of the Rare Endangered category Threatened method. This shows the need for effective conservation of ornamentals. Conservation strategies broadly involve two approaches, Keywords: Biodiversity, endangered ornamentals, namely, in situ and ex situ, based on the site of implementation.

Email: sanchitajolly28 gmail. A rare species is one with small population that is not presently endangered but is at risk, an endangered species is one, which is in danger of extinction throughout all or of a significant portion of its range and a threatened species is one, which is likely to become endangered in foreseeable future []. India is one of the richest nations in the world with respect to floral diversity. Among the flowering plants reported from India, one-third is considered endemic in the Western Ghats.

Unfortunately because of the rapid urbanization, environmental pollution, habitat fragmentation etc. Many of these endangered ornamental species including some orchids which possess medicinal properties urgently require to be conserved on priority basis. About species of orchids have been reported from India among which species are rare, are endangered and ornamental and 37 are of medicinal importance [6].

Leaves of endangered Red vanda Renanthera imscootiana can be make paste to treat skin diseases. Flower juice of endangered blue vanda Vanda coerulea generally used as eye drops for controlling glaucoma, cataract and blindness and leaves can be used a expectorant. Endemism and causes of endangerment Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location or habitat type.

India is home to several endemic ornamental species owing to diverse ecosystems and habitats. Around A large number of endemic plants are becoming endangered owing to habitat loss and associated fragmentation particularly in the tropics [8]. Collection for the horticultural trade and for private collections is the biggest single threat to the cacti [9] and in many areas, orchids [10] as well as cycads and ornamental species in many other families [11]. Due to rapid urbanization, deforestation and anthropogenic reasons pollution is increasing at a alarming rate and this also posing threat to plants for extinction.

This genus is monocarpic in nature and bear extremely beautiful flowers. The dying out of these species subsequent to flowering produces enormous combustible material within and around shola forests which are very susceptible to forest fires, occurrences of fire in these shola forests burn the seeds and hence it may cause extinction of narrow endemics.

There are altogether 43 species of Strobilanthes known from the state of Kerala. Of these, 38 are endemic to Peninsular India [12]. Status of rare, endangered and threatened Indian ornamental flora Some rare and endemic epiphytic orchid species from Western ghats are Aerides ringens Fischer, Bulbophullum sureum Hook.

A total of tree species belonging to 38 families have been found to be endemic to Wynad district of Kerala [14]. These include Dillenia bracteata Wight, Magnolia nilagirica Zenk. Sinclair, Miliusa nilagirica Bedd, Orophea uniflora Hook. Bedd, Casearia rubescens Dalz, Calophyllum austroindicum Kosterm. Don etc. Don, Passiflora leschenaultii DC etc.

Cheilanthes duthiei Baker. Ampelopteris prolifera Retz. Adiantum edgeworthii Hooker Anemia wightiana Gard. Asplenium anogrammoides Christ. Anisocampium cumingianum Presl.

Botrychium lanuginosum L. Asplenium affine Sw. Cheilanthes dubia Hope. This trend is coupled to date with the need for ecological plantings, landscaping with native plants Beck, , sustainable landscaping Antrop, ; Ahern, and Received: 25 Nov Received in revised form: 20 Jan Accepted: 25 Jan Published online: 22 Feb From Volume 49, Issue 1, , Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal will use article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume.

The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 49 1 sustainable exploitation of phytogenetic resources Krigas and Maloupa, ; Maloupa et al.

Gray Getter and Rowe, , S. Schneider et al. Maloupa et al. Calhoun, Successful propagation in members of Lomelosia has been reported both via seeds and vegetative methods. Propagation with cuttings for L.

In vitro propagation has been successfully employed for L. Scabiosa spp. Csonthos et al. Cerabolini et al. With increased annual consumption of scullcaps Scutellaria spp. In general, seed germination, cuttings and root division are the main propagation methods for members of Scutellaria Similien, In addition, successful propagation through in vitro techniques has been reported Joshee et al.

Advanced propagation systems in vitro have been developed to study model-members of the genus Scutellaria, involving simple shoot proliferation techniques, bioreactors, and gene transformation protocols Cole et al. Propagation of Scutellaria spp. With regards to medicinal interest, most species of genus Scutellaria are usually rich in scutellarin, a substance with anti-cancer activity and for treatment of cardiovascular diseases Cui et al.

In this study we focused on Greek native rock-dwelling plants which are globally rare and exclusively confined to the island of Crete local single-island endemics. Additionally, the focal herbaceous perennial plants studied have useful medicinal properties as well as interesting features and natural adaptations that could be exploited in floriculture, horticulture, and landscaping. Such features refer to seasonal colour variations as in Scutellaria hirta Sm. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 49 1 usefulness and impressive plant features or adaptations are known to be extremely appreciated by the international online floricultural-ornamental market Dee et al.

In this context, the vegetative and sexual propagation of the selected plants are studied herein for the first time with the aim to facilitate their ex situ conservation and further sustainable exploitation as valuable and unique phytogenetic resources of Greece in the global context.

Materials and Methods From botanical collections in the wild to stock mother plants for experimentation Two botanical collections were performed on the island of Crete Greece during late summer end of August and autumn mid-October of using a special permit of the Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia BBGK , which is issued yearly by the Greek Ministry of Environment and Energy renewed every year.

The selected plant material young individuals, seeds, and cuttings was collected carefully in order to avoid any damage to the extant wild growing populations of the taxa species and subspecies and was transferred to the facilities of the BBGK in Thermi, Thessaloniki, where finally received an IPEN International Plant Exchange Network accession number after taxonomical identification Table 1.

The living plants collected from the wild Table 1; Figure 1 in Crete were transplanted and maintained in a greenhouse. Figure 1. Mature individuals of Lomelosia minoana subsp. Three weeks later, the rooted cuttings were transplanted in 1 L plastic pots.

This procedure was repeated every month from September until February , allowing the production of adequate stock material for experimentation. The cleaned seeds were used in experimentation. Cuttings and young wild individual plants were collected for S. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 49 1 Table 1.

Basic information about the original plant material seeds, cuttings, living individuals of the local Cretan endemics collected from the natural environment of the island of Crete Greece for ex situ conservation in the Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia Taxon Geographical No of Weight of 10 No of No of IPEN accession number areas seeds seeds mg cuttings individuals Lomelosia minoana subsp. After seed germination and growth for 60 d, the seedlings were transferred in multiple cell propagation trays and followed the procedure described below for rooted plants.

Rooting of cuttings The rooting of cuttings obtained from mother stock plants were treated with four different concentrations 0, , and mg L-1 of IBA Duchefa Biochemie, The Netherlands during June- July Softwood tip cuttings of L.

The number of roots per cutting and root length was measured for L. The rooting of cuttings was expressed as percentage. Rooted plants from all the above treatments were transplanted in 0. One potted mother stock plant of both L. Figures 2c, 3c.

Statistical analysis All rooting experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design and were repeated twice. The experiments consisted of four treatments where each value was the mean of 21 replicates three groups of seven repetitions. Table 2. Preliminary rooting experiments of cuttings from the Cretan local endemic plants Lomelosia minoana subsp. Table 3. IBA at mg L-1 was rather the best treatment considering mean number of roots Not Bot Horti Agrobo 49 1 Table 4.

Figure 2. The two lower IBA concentrations also increased the percentage of rooted cuttings to Even in traditional ceremonies, ornamental plants can also often be used. Some fruits are also often used as an ornamental plant, some of which are often used as ornamental plants, including water guava, sapodilla, guava, mango and many other types of fruit plants that are often used as ornamental plants to decorate a home garden.

There are various types of ornamental plants that we can choose depending on our desires, but what is clear is that the first thing that can usually be used as a benchmark for ornamental plants is beauty. Lavender flowers, Lavandula afficinalis syn. This plant comes from Europe, precisely in France. It is used as a perfume. Religious ceremonial equipment and medicinal plants since ancient Rome. The term lavender for the Romans is lavare, which means refreshing. The method of planting lavender flowers is very easy and cheap, just scatter the old seeds, then they will grow.

The price is also affordable, you know, the price is around dollars per 3 x 5 cm plastic bag, about lavender seeds are ready for planting and easy to get. Zodia Evodia suaveolens.

Zodia are plants from the citrus tribe Rutaceae which are endemic to Indonesia which originated from Papua. This plant has been used by indigenous Papuans to repel insects and mosquitoes by rubbing zodia leaves all over the body. Vargas , - R , genus of garden plants with fragrant white August 27 , Philippine Refining Co. Other noteworthy ornamental santans are : santan puti Ixora finlaysoniana Wall.

Some are grown for their prominent flowers , others for their bold, striking evergreen foliage,